NPSH Available Calculator
Cavitation destroys pumps quietly until it doesn’t. Enter your suction conditions to get NPSH available — then confirm it beats the pump’s required NPSH with margin to spare.
Net Positive Suction Head Available
| Item | Value |
|---|
How the calculation works
NPSH available
NPSHa = (Patm − Pvapor) / γ + hs − hL
Patm = 14.696 · (1 − 6.8753×10−6 · elevation)5.2559 psia (standard atmosphere)
Pvapor from the Antoine equation: log10(P) = 8.07131 − 1730.63 / (233.426 + T°C), P in mmHg
γ = 62.4 lb/ft³; ft of head = psi × 2.3067
hs is positive for flooded suction, negative for suction lift.
NPSHa = (Patm − Pvapor) / γ + hs − hL
Patm = 14.696 · (1 − 6.8753×10−6 · elevation)5.2559 psia (standard atmosphere)
Pvapor from the Antoine equation: log10(P) = 8.07131 − 1730.63 / (233.426 + T°C), P in mmHg
γ = 62.4 lb/ft³; ft of head = psi × 2.3067
hs is positive for flooded suction, negative for suction lift.
| Water temp. | Vapor pressure | As head |
|---|---|---|
| 60 °F | 0.26 psia | 0.6 ft |
| 68 °F | 0.34 psia | 0.8 ft |
| 80 °F | 0.51 psia | 1.2 ft |
| 100 °F | 0.95 psia | 2.2 ft |
| 140 °F | 2.89 psia | 6.7 ft |
| 200 °F | 11.53 psia | 26.6 ft |
Notes & limitations
NPSHa is a system property; NPSHr (required) comes from the pump manufacturer’s curve at your operating point. Keep NPSHa above NPSHr with margin — the Hydraulic Institute recommends margin for critical services, commonly 2–3 ft or more depending on the application.
- Vapor pressure climbs fast with temperature — hot-water and condensate pumps need the most NPSH attention.
- Suction-line losses must be evaluated at the actual (maximum) flow, not average flow.
- Entrained air, dissolved gases, and vortexing at the intake reduce effective NPSHa — this calculation assumes clean, air-free water.
- For suction lift installations, also check priming and the practical lift limit (about 25 ft theoretical maximum at sea level).
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